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ls: List
The Linux filesystem may seem overwhelming because of all the different directories available. But worry not, Linux has a solution!
ls lists all directories and files in the current path. A path is just the address of a file or directory in the filesystem tree, written as a string of directory names separated by slashes. (You can use pwd to see your current path!)
ls shows you everything sitting inside the directory you're currently in. For instance, in your home directory (/home/user), running ls will list all directories and files within your user's home folder.